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- Definition: Nutrition is the science that studies the relationship between food and the health and well-being of individuals. It encompasses the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients from food.
- Scope: It involves understanding the role of nutrients in supporting growth, development, and maintenance of the human body, as well as preventing and managing diseases through dietary interventions.
- Types of Nutrients:
- Macronutrients: Nutrients required in large amounts for energy production and bodily functions, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
- Micronutrients: Nutrients needed in smaller amounts for various physiological processes, including vitamins and minerals.
- Water: Essential for hydration, temperature regulation, nutrient transport, and waste elimination.
- Functions of Nutrients:
- Carbohydrates: Provide energy for cellular activities and brain function, as well as fiber for digestive health.
- Proteins: Serve as building blocks for tissues, muscles, enzymes, hormones, and immune factors.
- Fats: Supply energy, support cell structure, and assist in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
- Vitamins: Act as coenzymes and antioxidants, regulating metabolic processes and protecting against oxidative damage.
- Minerals: Essential for bone health, muscle function, nerve transmission, and fluid balance.
- Nutritional Requirements:
- Energy Requirements: Determined by factors such as age, sex, weight, height, physical activity level, and metabolic rate.
- Macronutrient Ratios: Recommendations vary but typically include a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the diet.
- Micronutrient Intake: Guidelines specify recommended daily allowances (RDAs) or dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for vitamins and minerals.
- Water Intake: Adequate hydration is crucial for maintaining fluid balance, regulating body temperature, and supporting physiological functions.
Course
Dr Arnab Chatterjee
Assistant Professor (M.Sc., Ph.D.)
Ms Pallavi Majumder
Assistant Professor (M.Sc.)
Smt. Kamalika Chatterjee
SACT-II (M.Sc.)